Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming, or dancing may act as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A large analysis of 63 reviews covering nearly 80,000 people found exercise can reduce symptoms as effectively as some traditional treatments.
The greatest benefits appeared in young adults and new mothers, groups at higher risk of mental health problems. Activities that raise the heart rate had the strongest impact on depression, while resistance training and yoga showed smaller effects. Group exercise delivered additional benefits, suggesting social connection plays a key role.
The findings were published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Lead researcher Neil Munro of James Cook University said movement in any form can ease symptoms.
Experts urged caution. Brendon Stubbs from King’s College London said exercise suits mild cases but should not replace therapy or medication for severe depression. Michael Bloomfield of UCL added that exercise works best as a complement to established treatments.
